Middle School

The structure of matter (atoms, elements, molecules, and compounds), the periodic table and properties of elements, states of matter and changes between solid, liquid, and gas, physical and chemical properties, chemical reactions and evidence of chemical change, mixtures and solutions (solubility, concentration, and separation techniques), acids, bases, and pH, the conservation of mass in chemical reactions, types of energy in chemistry (thermal, chemical, and electrical), simple atomic theory (protons, neutrons, and electrons), and real-world applications of chemistry in everyday life, such as food chemistry, medicine, and environmental science. 

Students will be asked to recall specific facts about chemical elements and compounds and their properties. They will also be expected to be able to solve problems regarding chemical reactions. 

Ex: The SI base unit for the amount of a chemical substance shares its name with an animal known for its bad eyesight. Name this quantity calculated by Avogadro to be 6.02*10^23. 

A: Mole  

High School

Atomic structure and the periodic table (protons, neutrons, electrons, isotopes, and periodic trends), chemical bonding (ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds), stoichiometry and chemical equations (mole concept, balancing reactions, limiting reactants, percent yield), states of matter and gas laws (Boyle’s, Charles’s, and Ideal Gas Law), solutions and their properties (concentration, solubility, colligative properties), acids and bases (pH, neutralization reactions, titrations), thermochemistry (heat transfer, exothermic and endothermic reactions, enthalpy), reaction kinetics and equilibrium (Le Chatelier’s Principle, activation energy, rate laws), redox reactions and electrochemistry (oxidation-reduction, galvanic and electrolytic cells), and an introduction to organic chemistry (hydrocarbons, functional groups, and polymerization). 

Students should be able to identify atomic structure, periodic trends, types of chemical bonds, reaction types, and solution properties. They should also be able to balance chemical equations, use stoichiometry to solve problems, interpret data from lab experiments, and apply chemistry concepts to real-life contexts such as environmental science, health, and industry. 

Ex: This electron geometry consists of a central atom with four substituents. Name this electron geometry that is expressed by NH4 and CH4 and that derives its name from a three dimensional shape with 4 equal faces. 

A: Tetrahedral